Heteroresistance: A cause of unexplained antibiotic treatment failure?

Early antibiotic treatment failure.

There is no consensus on the definition of treatment failure. It is usually based on clinical signs, although microbiological and other biological markers may prove of value in the future. The major risk factors associated with treatment failure include an inadequate antimicrobial spectrum of the prescribed antibiotic and lack of, or insufficient, control of the source of the infection. In cert...

Failure of antibiotic treatment in microbial populations.

The tolerance of bacterial populations to biocidal or antibiotic treatment has been well documented in both biofilm and planktonic settings. However, there is still very little known about the mechanisms that produce this tolerance. Evidence that small, non-mutant subpopulations of bacteria are not affected by an antibiotic challenge has been accumulating and provides an attractive explanation ...

Antibiotic susceptibility, heteroresistance, and updated treatment strategies in Helicobacter pylori infection

In this review, we discuss the problem of antibiotic resistance, heteroresistance, the utility of cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests in Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication, as well as the updated treatment strategies for this infection. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance is increasing all over the world, especially for metronidazole and clarithromycin, because of their heavy use...

Excessive Attenuation of Measles Virus as a Possible Cause of Failure in Measles Immunization

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis: An Uncommon Cause of Chronic Renal Failure

Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis (CHF) is a rare disease that affects both the liver and kidneys.  Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is an autosomal recessive inherited malformation defined pathologically by a variable degree of periportal fibrosis and irregularly shaped proliferating bile ducts. Affected individuals also have impaired renal function, usually caused, in children and teenagers, by an...